Baseball has always been a game where speed and precision go hand in hand. Among the most awe-inspiring feats in Major League Baseball (MLB) is the art of throwing a blazing fastball that challenges the limits of human ability. Over the decades, the fastest pitch in MLB history has been a subject of fascination, debate, and scientific measurement. With radar guns, high-speed cameras, and advanced tracking systems, the record of the fastest pitches ever thrown has become a benchmark for pitching greatness.
This article explores the history of fast pitches in MLB, highlights the record-holders, breaks down the science behind velocity, and analyzes how the fastest pitch in MLB history shapes the game even in 2025.
The fastest pitch in MLB history is officially credited to Aroldis Chapman, who threw a 105.8 mph fastball on September 24, 2010. Advances in technology and training continue to push pitchers closer to breaking that record. This article explores the record-setting throws, the evolution of pitch tracking, the biomechanics behind velocity, the rise of modern flamethrowers, and what the future might hold for MLB pitching speeds.
What is the Fastest Pitch in MLB History?
The official record for the fastest pitch in MLB belongs to Aroldis Chapman, a Cuban-born left-handed pitcher, who clocked an astonishing 105.8 mph (170.6 km/h) fastball while playing for the Cincinnati Reds in 2010 against the San Diego Padres.
This pitch was verified by PITCHf/x technology, a system introduced by MLB in 2006 to track pitches using high-speed cameras. Chapman’s throw surpassed previous marks and remains the gold standard for pitching velocity in the modern game.
How Pitch Speeds Are Measured
Before analyzing the fastest pitches, it’s important to understand how speeds are measured.
Radar Guns and Early Measurements
In the mid-20th century, radar guns became the primary tool to record pitch velocity. However, earlier radar readings often measured the ball immediately after release, producing slightly inflated numbers compared to today’s standards.
PITCHf/x and Statcast
Since 2006, MLB has relied on PITCHf/x, and later Statcast (introduced in 2015), which provide far more precise readings. Statcast uses a combination of radar and optical tracking to measure velocity, spin rate, and movement. Today, Statcast is considered the authoritative source for pitch data.
Historical Context: Fastest Pitchers Before Statcast
Even before Chapman’s record, several pitchers were renowned for their blazing fastballs.
- Nolan Ryan, legendary for his velocity in the 1970s and 1980s, was once clocked at 100.9 mph in 1974 against the Detroit Tigers. When adjusted to modern measurement standards (release velocity), experts estimate it would have been closer to 108 mph.
- Bob Feller of the Cleveland Indians was said to have thrown 98.6 mph in 1946, measured by a military device designed for artillery testing.
- Goose Gossage, Walter Johnson, and Randy Johnson were also known for pushing the upper limits of velocity during their eras.
The Science Behind Pitch Velocity
Pitching speed is not just about brute strength. It is a combination of biomechanics, training, and physics.
Key Factors That Determine Pitch Speed
Arm mechanics: Efficient transfer of kinetic energy from legs to torso to arm generates maximum velocity.
Grip and release: Subtle grip adjustments can influence speed and spin.
Physical conditioning: Strength and mobility in the shoulders, hips, and core directly impact power.
Recovery and workload management: Overuse can reduce velocity over time.
Advances in Training
Modern pitchers use high-speed cameras, weighted-ball training, mobility exercises, and strength analytics to maximize velocity while attempting to reduce injury risks.
Modern Era Flamethrowers
Several pitchers in the 2020s have consistently thrown triple-digit fastballs, cementing their reputations as flamethrowers.
- Jordan Hicks: Known for reaching 105 mph in 2018 with the St. Louis Cardinals, the closest challenge to Chapman’s record.
- Hunter Greene: Cincinnati Reds pitcher who has repeatedly thrown over 102 mph since debuting in 2022.
- Jacob deGrom: While not always the hardest thrower, his ability to combine velocity with pinpoint accuracy has made him dominant.
- Jhoan Duran: Minnesota Twins reliever who hit 104.8 mph in 2022, among the hardest throwers in MLB.
These players exemplify how velocity has become an essential weapon for pitchers in today’s game.
Fastest Pitch by Year (Recent Trends)
According to MLB Statcast data (2015–2024), here are notable fastest pitches in each season:
- 2015: Aroldis Chapman – 103.9 mph
- 2017: Mauricio Cabrera – 103.8 mph
- 2018: Jordan Hicks – 105.1 mph
- 2021: Jacob deGrom – 102.8 mph
- 2022: Jhoan Duran – 104.8 mph
- 2023: Hunter Greene – 103.6 mph
- 2024: Multiple pitchers surpassed 102 mph, with Greene and Duran leading the charts.
By 2025, average fastball velocity across MLB continues to rise, with more pitchers than ever consistently throwing above 95 mph.
Why Velocity Matters
Velocity is not just for show; it has strategic implications.
- Harder pitches reduce batter reaction time, making solid contact more difficult.
- High velocity often pairs with breaking pitches to create devastating pitch sequences.
- Fans are drawn to the spectacle of a 100+ mph fastball, boosting entertainment value.
However, velocity alone doesn’t guarantee success. Pitch command, movement, and deception remain crucial.
Risks of Throwing Too Hard
Throwing 100+ mph comes with risks. Elbow and shoulder injuries are common among flamethrowers. Tommy John surgery has become increasingly prevalent. Teams now balance the excitement of high velocity with careful workload monitoring to protect pitchers’ long-term health.
The Future of the Fastest Pitch
With advancements in biomechanics, nutrition, and analytics, it’s possible that Chapman’s 105.8 mph record could eventually be broken. Experts suggest the human biomechanical limit for pitch velocity may be around 110 mph, though it would require near-perfect mechanics and durability.
By 2025, young pitchers like Hunter Greene, Jhoan Duran, and emerging prospects are pushing ever closer to this limit, making the future of MLB velocity one of the most exciting storylines to follow.
Real-Life Example: Aroldis Chapman’s Record Pitch
Chapman’s historic pitch came in the 8th inning of a 2010 game against the San Diego Padres. The ball zipped past Tony Gwynn Jr. at 105.8 mph. This moment is still replayed in highlight reels and cemented Chapman’s reputation as the hardest thrower in MLB history.
Practical Tips for Aspiring Pitchers
For young pitchers dreaming of hitting triple digits, here are practical lessons from the pros:
Prioritize mechanics over raw effort.
Develop total body strength, especially the core and legs.
Train for mobility and shoulder stability.
Use modern tools like high-speed video and pitch tracking apps.
Work with coaches to balance velocity and health.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who threw the fastest pitch in MLB history?
Aroldis Chapman holds the official record at 105.8 mph in 2010.
Has anyone thrown faster than Chapman unofficially?
Nolan Ryan’s 1974 pitch was estimated at 108 mph when adjusted, but official MLB records credit Chapman.
Who is the fastest pitcher in MLB today?
As of 2025, Hunter Greene and Jhoan Duran are among the hardest throwers, regularly exceeding 102 mph.
How fast do average MLB pitchers throw?
In 2025, the average MLB fastball is around 94–95 mph, significantly higher than in previous decades.
Can someone throw 110 mph in the future?
While difficult, experts believe the biomechanical limit may allow for a 110 mph pitch with advancements in training and technology.
Final Thoughts
The fastest pitch in MLB history is more than just a number; it represents the evolution of athletic performance, technological progress, and the thrill of competition. From Nolan Ryan’s blazing heaters to Aroldis Chapman’s 105.8 mph rocket, the chase for velocity continues to captivate fans and challenge athletes. As we move deeper into 2025, pitchers like Hunter Greene and Jhoan Duran may come closer to rewriting history, proving that the boundaries of human performance are always being pushed.
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